A stack-based, procedural programming language and programming environment.

"Forth is known for its portability, compact syntax, and its ability to directly control hardware."

A humorous term used in software development to describe the situation where a series of seemingly unrelated tasks or activities must be completed in order to accomplish a primary goal or objective, often leading to distraction, frustration, and inefficiency.

"Instead of fixing the bug, he found himself yak shaving—debugging the build system, updating dependencies, and refactoring unrelated code."

A type conversion in object-oriented programming where an object of a subclass is treated as an object of its superclass, often used implicitly in polymorphic code to enable abstraction and dynamic behavior.

"Upcasting allows treating a derived class object as a base class object in C++."

An architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services, which implement business capabilities.

"Microservices allow for the development of large, complex applications as a suite of small services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently."

A type system in programming languages where the type of a variable is checked at runtime, rather than at compile time.

"Languages like Python and Ruby use dynamic typing, allowing variables to change type on the fly."