A command in Git that shows what revision and author last modified each line of a file.

"Using git blame can help identify who made a particular change to the source code and why."

A high-level programming language used primarily for numerical and scientific computing.

"Fortran was one of the first programming languages and remains popular in areas such as high-performance computing and numerical analysis."

A server-side web application framework written in Ruby under the MIT License. Rails is a model-view-controller (MVC) framework, providing default structures for a database, a web service, and web pages.

"Rails encourages the use of web standards such as JSON or XML for data transfer, and HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for user interfacing."

A playful term for dynamic reprogramming, allowing for the modification or extension of a programming language or environment at runtime.

"Duck punching in JavaScript can be used to add or modify methods of built-in objects or classes."

An architectural style for designing networked applications, relying on a stateless, client-server communication model.

"RESTful web services use HTTP requests to perform CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) on data represented in XML, JSON, or other formats."